Origins
Ryl Madol is a large island which
sits almost exactly at the tripoint between the Indian, Eurasian and
Australasian tectonic plates. Its geology is thus marked by a violent history of uplift, volcanism, subduction, erosion tearing and sinking. Using Occam’s
Razor and thus discounting any supernatural phenomena, Ryl Madol must have
begun life as an isolated break-away piece of ancient Gondwana, perhaps having
once been its own subcontinent before being torn to shreds by the violent
forces of the Earth into its current state. This former landmass may have served as a refuge throughout time where various lineages seem to have evaded the catastrophic mass extinction events of the Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian.
There are infamously much more
exotic ideas about its origin. The fact that such a conspicuous landmass did not even exist as a phantom island on any maps before 1908 has raised many
eyebrows. Combined with the unusual happenings in the year of its discovery,
the extraordinary Palaeozoic fauna and the various physics-defying anomalies, this has led some eccentrics
to suggest that Ryl Madol literally did not exist before 1908. Instead it could
be a fragment from another timeline of Earth, where maybe one or perhaps all of the aforementioned extinction events did not occur, which a rift in time and space has
somehow transported into our reality. It obviously sounds ridiculous, but some
of the people who have actually been to the island attest that what they have
seen makes it plausible that this truly is an otherworldly place of some kind. The
reader is free to decide for themselves on the true origin of the island.
Geography and Climate
 |
Topographic map of Ryl Madol
|
Ryl Madol is clearly volcanic in
nature. Its most obvious feature, if viewed from above, is a large centre lake
with many islands, which is actually a huge caldera. Geologic surveys suggest
that, despite occasional tremors, the volcano is largely inactive and has not
erupted for tens of thousands of years. The lake is ringed by vast swamps, jungle
and fern prairies, fed by multiple large and small rivers. These originate
in a range of mountains and hills which seem to encase almost the whole island.
Southeast of the great crater is another river valley, whose mouth ends in a
ruined city. To its west, separated by a range of hills, is a large
floodplain with multiple smaller lakes.
The coast of Ryl Madol is
geologically unstable, multiple smaller satellite islands splitting off of it and
slowly sinking into the sea. Many signs point towards the island having been
far larger in the past, with entire sections now possibly being submerged
beneath the waves.
As is predictable by its position
on the globe, Ryl Madol experiences a quite hot and humid climate. Its mountain
ranges help catch a lot of that humidity, leading to almost continual rains
across the island, which feed vast rivers, swamps and lakes, perfect for the
large population of amphibian and arthropod life which inhabit it.
Flora
Like its animals, the flora of Ryl
Madol has a distinctive Palaeozoic character to it, including plant groups
that elsewhere on Earth have been extinct for almost 300 million years. Flowering plants and many derived gymnosperm groups are absent. Among the unique flora
of the island are also extraordinary fungi and lichen. Some of them can grow to
tree-sizes, resembling the ancient Prototaxites of the Late Silurian.
Most infamous is the inconspicuous but ubiquitous lichen Rylmadolia
toxoprothallium, which is one of the many protectors of the island from the
splendors of civilization. Its near-constant spurting of diaspores covers
almost all of the island in an invisible cloud of toxic miasma, which the
native animals are immune to, but which cause a deadly infection of the lungs
in any outsiders. Any attempt at wiping the lichen out to facilitate
colonization have failed, as it grows faster than it can be destroyed by
conventional means, short of carpeting the whole island with napalm and thus
rendering it uninhabitable.
 |
Baragwanathia, a lycopodian
|
.jpg) |
Trinkophyton, a zosterophyll |
|
 |
Archaeopteris, a progymnosperm tree
|
 |
Wattieza, an archaic tree-fern
|
The flora which grows around
streams, rivers, lakes and most other non-stagnant waters consists of taxa that are distinctively Devonian in origin. These include mostly primitive
spore-bearing plants, Lycopodia, resembling club-mosses or the ancient Baragwanathia. Also present are Zosterophylla,
a group of creeping plants broadly resembling ground-pines, unique in the plant
kingdom for having evolved both an internal and external bilateral symmetry. Rylian
zosterophylls differ from most of their extinct counterparts in that they
evolved their own versions of microphyllic leaves and hairs, perhaps independently
of other plants. Their discovery here has been of great interest for
paleobotanists, as anywhere else on Earth this plant group has gone completely
extinct in the Upper Devonian. Also present in these habitats,
especially around thermal hot springs, are Rhyniophyta resembling Cooksonia,
some of the most archaic known vascular plants, originating in the Silurian and
elsewhere already being extinct since the Early Devonian. The trees here
consist of gigantic cladoxylopsids (a group of stem-ferns) and progymnosperms, which
resemble, respectively, ancient Wattieza and Archaeopteris.
 |
Scaled bark of Lepidodendron
|
 |
Stems of Calamites
|
The plants which grow in the stagnant
swamps and estuaries, as well as the half-artificial lakes created by the
beaver-like Castorosaurus, have a Carboniferous flair to them. The most
abundant trees here are giant horsetails not unlike Calamites and
lycophyte scale-trees resembling Lepidodendron and Sigillaria. Smaller
ferns and horsetails also abound. Tree-ferns and archaic conifers of the
extinct order Cordaitales can also be found.
 |
Neuropteris seed-ferns
|
In the drier lowlands and especially
the hilly uplands, the flora takes on a more Permian character, consisting more
of seed- than spore-bearing plants. Especially seed-ferns predominate, which
bear great resemblance to the likes of Neuropteris, Callipteris
and Glossopteris. These grow
along cycads and Benettitales. The trees consist of a mix of conifers and
gingkos.
Out of these archaic plants, Ryl
Madol has also evolved unique taxa which have no counterparts elsewhere in the
world or in the fossil record. In most of the jungles can for example be found
mammoth ginkgos, giant trees which can grow as large as American redwoods. The
semi-aquatic mkodo-fern is no fern at all, but a large, carnivorous
zosterophyll, whose water-hanging vines can roll up like a sundew to ensnare
and capture small amphibians and fish.
Fauna
Ryl Madol’s most unique characteristic
is its primitive wildlife. There are no native birds or mammals, except for a
few seals and seabirds that have stranded on the outermost islets. Like all
outsiders, they would likely succumb to the toxic spores if they pushed too far
inland. While some of the native creatures bear a resemblance to dinosaurs,
none so far have been conclusively proven to actually belong to that group, the
similarities being merely convergent. Just like the plants, all the animals instead
trace their ancestry back to groups which thrived, went extinct or originated
in the Palaeozoic Era, with only very few also having a vague Triassic
character to them. In the dry regions can be found non-mammalian synapsids and
archaic sauropsid reptiles. In the swamps thrive all sorts of stegocephalians, chief
among them the temnospondyl amphibians. In the waterways and lakes can be found
archaic fish, including even the placoderms of the Devonian and even more ancient
jawless armoured fish.
 |
These are all the same animal
|
Most dominant among the Rylian
vertebrates are the “anamniotes”. These are reptiliomorph tetrapods, known from
the fossil record through such forms as Limnoscelis, Diadectes or
the Lepospondyli, that are closer to us than to true amphibians but still outside
the true amniotes (synapsids+reptiles). In their adult stages they have nearly
all characteristics we associate with reptiles, such as scaly skin, armour and
claws, but they reproduce like amphibians by laying their eggs in water and
going through a tadpole stage. This strategy, which from a modern perspective would be merely seen as archaic and transitional, seems to have remained widely
successful on the swampy, lake-studded island. Most extraordinarily, Rylian anamniotes
undergo a much more complex and lengthened metamorphosis than the likes of
frogs and salamanders. In many species, the tadpole will go through multiple
aquatic or terrestrial life stages that can differ radically in morphology and
ecology from the adult. In some, the sub-adult stages can already be
reproductively active and even “decide” to remain in this form instead of
growing into a full adult. This way, the biodiversity of the island can seem
almost “inflated” for such a restricted place, with multiple different types of
creatures in different niches actually all being members of the same species. This
also leads to the somewhat funny phenomenon where, depending on the climate,
some “pseudo-species” can seemingly go extinct in one year and then suddenly
reappear again in the next.
Invertebrate life on Ryl Madol is
also full of wonders and horrors. Giant eurypterid “sea scorpions”, both
herbivores and carnivores, are found along the waterways and coast. In the
undergrowth and deep chasms crawl terrestrial trilobites, some adapted towards carving flesh
off carcasses, as well as wingless insects and palaeodictyopterans. Most
striking on land are giant arthropods which resemble those of the Carboniferous,
including giant millipedes, griffinflies and scorpions, not at all diminished in
size from their ancient counterparts Arthropleura, Meganeura and Pulmonoscorpius.
Their existence here in a modern atmosphere has revived many debates about
insect size-limits, the real constraint perhaps being ecology rather than
oxygen. Though some have interpreted these creatures more as another of the many anomalies of the island. Notably, all of these giant arthropods circumvent the problem of having
no structural support during molting by simply doing it in water, making them
just as dependent on the island’s waterways as the amphibians. To the relief of
all archnophobes, so far no species of giant spider is known from Ryl Madol.
The shallow waters and reefs just
off the island’s coast also have surprises in store. The reefs themselves consist
of tabulate and rugose corals, both taxa which went extinct at the end of the
Permian, as well as stromatopore sponges. Brachiopods are abundant instead of
clams and a few genuine ammonites, graptolites and blastoids can be sighted on occasion.
The strangest beings to sometimes wash up on the Rylian coasts are
homalozoans, an ancient group of echinoderms which gave rise to both bilateral
as well as completely asymmetrical members.